Difference between procedural programming (POP) and object-oriented programming (OOP) :

The two programming paradigms of procedural programming (POP) and object-oriented programming (OOP) each take a different approach to structuring and organizing code.

Concept:

The POP programming paradigm divides the program into a number of functions or processes, each of which completes a particular task. The techniques and algorithms used to modify data are highlighted.

Programming using OOP emphasizes the idea of objects, which may hold data and program code to manipulate it. The creation and design of classes, which are used to instantiate objects, are emphasized.

Data Abstraction:

POP employs functions to modify data, whereas OOP represents data and the processes that go with it using classes and objects. Because objects encompass both data and the operations that can be applied to that data, OOP offers a higher level of abstraction.

Inheritance and Polymorphism:

OOP offers polymorphism and inheritance, which enable reuse and extensibility of code. While polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as though they were of the same class, inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and functions from another class.

POP lacks the concepts of classes and objects, hence it does not enable inheritance or polymorphism.

Modularity and Encapsulation:

Because objects are self-contained components that may be changed independently of the rest of the program, OOP enables modularity and encapsulation. Debugging and maintenance are now made simpler.

 

Since procedures can directly modify data, POP does not offer sufficient support for encapsulation or modularity, which makes it challenging to maintain and debug complex programs.

 

OOP, as comparison to POP, offers a more organized and modular approach to programming, which makes it simpler to develop, scale, and manage complex software programs.